Christina’s World

Christina’s Cruel World When I first seen â€Å"Christina’s World,† a painting by Andrew Wyeth, I came across a lonely girl, and I wonder. What is she doing lying in the field by herself? Was she laying in the long grass on a hot summer day enjoying a nice summer breeze? It’s hard to tell her age. Is she a widowed wife to a soldier lost in the war thinking of days long past? Perhaps she’s a teenage adolescent, resting in the grass after a long day of chores? Something caught her attention. She sat up, and twisted to look behind her. I follow her gaze, and notice that she is looking toward a house of Georgian architecture.The front side of the house has the most detail compared to the three other buildings in the picture. I can clearly see the door, windows, and even the color of the house. This leads me to believe that Christina is focusing on the front of the house. I see what appears to be a typical farm in rural America, somewhere in a Midwestern grassland state. This farm however, has no livestock, or crops. I see a shed to the right, and a barn about fifty yards to the left of the house. If I look closely, birds can be seen flying from the barn. Is this a possible sign of abandonment?Judging between the rough, tall grass and the smooth texture to the grass around the farm tells me this place is not as deserted as it looks. This tells me that Christina’s world has boundaries, and it appears that she is out of bounds. The colors of the painting are very dull and flat. This only enhances the theme of a desolate and nearly dead farm. The vast field and wide open spaces make this place look very empty. The path leading up to the house seems faded by over growth; another sign that Christina’s world is a lonely place. When I come full circle, I set my eyes back on Christina.I begin to wonder, why is she here? Why is she in rough wild grass instead of the smooth tame lawn? As I take a closer look, I notice her rigid hands clutching the earth. It’s almost as if she’s pulling herself forward; as if she’s trying to get to safety. Her body is thin and frail. She looks starved and malnourished. Loose strands of hair are flowing in the breeze. Her dress is pink; a sign of femininity, but it’s also faded along with the rest of the scene. The point of view Wyeth gives is as if I’m standing right behind Christina. I can’t help but feel tempted to do something to help her.I want to get her to safety, give her some food, put her in bed, and get her some medical attention. Would she be safe though? When I look closely I can see a pile of lumber on the side of the house, and a latter propped up on the front. This house needs work done. Maybe this house isn’t a sanctuary for Christina. She probably dreads going back, but she has nowhere else to go. I think Christina has accepted her world because she has no other choice. She had to leave the boundaries and ex plore the outside a little bit before she realized this. Maybe the outside world rejected her so she begrudgingly turned back.Even though it’s a warm summer day; I sense coldness here. The dark looming house has a forbidden feel to it. The barn is equally forbidden; only home to the birds now. It seems Christina’s world was left to fade away. When I researched Andrew Wyeth, and his painting of Christina’s World I found some interesting facts. Christina is in fact Christina Olsen, one of Wyeth’s neighbors. She lived with her brother Aravo Olsen in what is now known as the Olsen House located in Cushing Maine. This is far from what I originally thought. There is some speculation that Christina was schizophrenic. This however, is false.On the other hand, Christina did have an undiagnosed muscular disorder. This disease, probably polio, caused her to lose her ability to walk in the late 1920’s. This explains why Christina is clutching the ground. She w as crawling. It is a fact that Christina regularly crawled around the farm. The Olsen family and farm were inspirations for a few of Wyeth’s paintings. They even let him use the third floor of their house as an art studio. Wyeth’s father died in a horrible train accident three years before he painted â€Å"Christina’s World. † This had a noticeable impact on Wyeth’s art. His colors became more bland and dull.His landscapes were bare. These traits are highly reflected in â€Å"Christina’s World. † If you look at modern pictures of the Olsen House you can see the place is surrounded by evergreens. In the painting, there isn’t a tree in sight. The landscape is almost bare except for the grass. I would say â€Å"Christina’s World† is Wyeth’s way of expressing his grief for his father’s death. Andrew Wyeth was inspired to paint this picture when he looked out his window and seen Christina crawling around in the fields. Though Christina inspired the painting, it was Wyeth’s wife Betsy who modeled the torso, and head.The Olsen farmhouse is the most famous model of the painting. It was first built in the late 1700’s, then later had a third floor annexed to it. The Olsen house still stands to this day in Cushing Maine, and is a historic landmark. It is owned by the Farnsworth Art Museum. I believe Wyeth was asking his viewers a question in this painting. If your standing behind this woman who is crawling across the field. What would you do? Wyeth is giving us a choice. He’s showing us a cruel, harsh world. Do you help her, or do you pass her by; letting her fend for herself?

Ethinicity And American Culture Essay

The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1850 was signed between the American government and the interim government of the military occupied Mexico which resulted in the end of the Mexican-American War. This was intended to bring peace in the disputed territory and the end result was that Mexico ceded a large territory to the United States and its size was reduced by forty-five percent. The land Mexico ceded to the U. S. is now a number of states: Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and California. The military government in Mexico received fair compensation for the territory. The treaty of Guadalupe paved the way for the way for the immigration of Mexicans especially workers to the U. S. this was necessitated by the United States’ need for labor to develop the newly acquired territory. Immigration patterns have been determined by American manual labor needs. The Immigration Process The immigration of Mexicans to the U. S. began soon after the territory was surrendered, the U. S. government sought labor from Mexico to build the railroad which was to connect all the new territory to the other states. Between 1850 and 1880 the U. S. government brought in 55,000 migrant workers from Mexico into the former Mexican territories to work on the railroad. The government preferred Mexican laborers because they were not entitled to any constitutional protection and they could work for substandard wages in the harsh conditions. The process of immigration began to peak up speed in 1910 when the Mexican revolution took place. After the revolution, more then 50,000 Mexican workers immigrated to the U. S. in search of jobs which they felt were better than those available in their home country. Changes over Time Change in the immigration process began to take shape in 1929 when American citizens massively complained that the illegal workers were taking up their job. The government responded by launching major crackdown on immigrants who did not posses the relevant immigration documents. This resulted in the forceful deportation of over two million Mexican of which about one and a half million had been born in the U. S. this was harsh as those born in the U. S. were therefore citizens by birth. The U. S however found itself in a tight spot when it got in World War II in 1942 which elicited the need for Mexican workers. The U. S. acted quickly to remedy the situation by getting into an agreement with Mexican officials and this was known as the Bracero program. Under the program guest Mexican workers would be allowed to enter the U. S. and provide labor on a temporary basis though they would not be afforded the labor protections accorded to their U. S. counterparts. The program run through out the period of World War II and went on up to 1964 as major Corporations had pulled string to ensure that the laborers continued to work as they wanted to cash in on the cheap labor. Since 1964 there was what has been referred to as an unspoken agreement between the undocumented workers, Corporations and the government. The government has intentionally failed to implement border regulations after being lobbied by major corporations which benefit highly from the labor if the immigrants. Though the agreement has been said to benefit all the parties which is utterly false as the immigrant workers are subjected to poor living conditions, are paid substandard wages and do not enjoy the protection of labor unions or practices. In 1986 three million undocumented Mexican-American workers were granted amnesty by the Reagan administration and this consequently made them subject to human rights protections, (Borjas & National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007). Effect on Chicano Movement The Chicano movement was vastly affected by the immigration of undocumented as they were not officially recognized by the U. S. government. This meant that they did not enjoy constitutional protection like other American citizen and the movement’s job was harder as attempts at demanding for rights resulted in deportation. Mexican workers therefore did not seek the help of the movement as they fear that its intervention would result of their deportation, (Rosales, 2000). Conclusion The immigration of Mexican to the U. S. began with the need by the U. S. government to have cheap labor for building of a railroad through the territory acquired from Mexico in 1850. The immigration pattern has however been tied only to the manual labor needs of the U. S. as the government allows entry of undocumented Mexican workers when they are in dire need of cheap manual labor like during World War II. The pattern is also evident from the push and pull debate that rages on the undocumented workers. Reference Borjas, G. J. & National Bureau of Economic Research. (2007). Mexican Immigration to the United States. Chicago? : University of Chicago Press. Rosales, F. A. (2000). Testimonio: A Documentary History of the Mexican-American Struggle for Civil Rights. Houston: Arte Publico Press. ESSAY TWO Some historians describe the Civil Rights Movement as a two-phase process of a southern movement to guarantee basic human rights and a northern movement focused on economic and social inequalities. In an essay, which incorporates lecture, readings and class discussion analyze this process. Introduction The Civil Rights Movement sought reform in the way the American society treated African Americans and it sought to change the perception. The movement originated in the urban areas of the south after large numbers of African Americans migrated from the rural areas and this was after the abolishment of slavery. The American Civil Rights Movement faced a number of challenges in its quest for equal civil rights for African Americans and other minority groups. This came in the form of legislation which promoted the injustices committed against African Americans by white Americans. The movement was therefore forced to employ different strategies and tactics so as to have its voice and that of its people heard. The movement suffered major losses in the road to the eventual attainment of those rights. The Civil Rights Movement refers to a reform movement of African Americans which sought to attain equal civil rights under the law for all people. It sought to have the abolishment of both public and private acts of discrimination and segregation against African Americans. The movement is said to have originated in the southern urban areas when millions of African Americans migrated from rural areas to the urban centers of the south. The Civil Rights Movement employed various strategies which included: nonviolent strikes, civil disobedience, marches, boycotts, protests rallies and â€Å"freedom rides. † The movement therefore focused on disenfranchisement and the Jim Crow laws in the south. The Civil Rights Movement in the south can be said to have been the most intense as it was in the south that African Americans faced the greatest resistance to their attempts to struggle for equal rights. The south had become the most notorious when it came to the suppression of rights of African Americans. The laws in the south permitted or required four acts of discrimination against African Americans. They included voter suppression or disfranchisement, denial of economic opportunities, private acts and mass racial violence and racial segregation which was first upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court decision in 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. It was also in the south that most of the milestone events in the civil rights movement took place in the south which included the: Martin Luther king Jr. assassination, march on Selma, Alabama, Mississippi freedom summer and the Montgomery bus boycott. The south was also home of some of the most important literature to come out of the Civil Rights Movement like Dr. King’s Letter from Birmingham jail. It also home to important Civil Rights Movement landmarks like the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Site. The latter also house a museum which chronicles the American Civil Rights Movement. The challenges of the movement in south emanated from the legislature passing of the Jim Crow laws which legalized segregation in all public facilities. This law meant that African Americans and other non-white citizens were designated different facilities this includes: lavatories, buses, restaurants, housing establishments among others. These went on to be adopted by most local government across the country and this turned to be a major challenge to the Civil Rights Movement. It was the successes of the Civil Rights Movement in the south which made life better for African Americans all over the United States. The civil rights movement culminated in the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965 but of which were a clear symbol of the success of the Civil Rights Movement, (Williams & Bond, 1988). Conclusion Despite the major challenges the American civil Rights Movement faced, it managed to succeed in its cause because of its strategies, sacrifices and it resilience. Some of the sacrifices the movement had to contend with included the loss of one of its leaders, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. who was assassinated. Though this was a major blow the movement managed to remain resilient and it was rewarded with the passing of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act in 1964 and 1965 respectively. The fact that most of the Civil Rights Movement events took place in the south does not mean that the northern part of the country was not involved as activities like the march on Washington took place in the north. The march was the venue for famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. The civil rights movement therefore came along way to achieve success. Reference Williams, J. , & Bond, J. (INT) (1988). Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954- 1965. ISBN 0833514318, 9780833514318: Bt Bound

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity Essay - 3

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity - Essay Example Unlike Zinczenko,Linn and Novosat deem the main reason for rise in children obesity is due ro fast food firms spending millions of dollars on product marketing but little consideration of their customers’ health. These companies normally target children because they are their main clients (Linn & Novosat 133 Apart from comparing the two articles, the essay will also state both their central and supporting arguments. Zinczenko says the reason he grew fat was because of his lunch and dinner always, which came from food shops such as McDonalds, Pizza hut or Taco bell. He says that this has never changed and in fact the stores have doubled (Zinczenko). He further says child obesity is the main contributor of the large amount of money being spent on diabetes treatment. According to him, lack of alternatives is the reason behind increased child obesity (Zinczenko). He states that while driving through America, one will spot thousands of McDonald’s stores but hardly will he see fruit stores or other alternatives where one can get dirrent and health food. Apart from lack of alternatives, Zinczenko also identifies lack of proper information about the food being consumed as another cause of children obesity(Zinczenko).He says that unlike grocery stores which include information charts on their packages, fast food stores hardly offer calory information charts neither do they have health warning lab els. Based on his argument, child obesity can be controlled if fast food companies minimize the level of calories and sugar in their products.These companies should also consider their customer’s safety by providing nutrition information charts for makes people be in a position to make more informed decisions. Another reason behind children obesity is because food companies are ever using various techniques to lure children into purchasing their products which are full of calories and little nutritional benefits (Linn & Novosat

March of the Penguins The movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

March of the Penguins The - Movie Review Example This paper discusses the basic plot, similarities and differences, strength and weaknesses of the movie, followed by some lessons learned, and then the conclusion. An outline shows the structure of the arguments. Matthew Turner1 of The ViewLondon Review (2005) gives the basic plot of the movie thus - Directed by Frenchman Luc Jacquet and narrated (in the U.S version) by Morgan Freeman, the film . charts the annual cycle of the emperor penguins of Antarctica, beginning with their 70-mile march from the sea to their mating grounds. They walk in single file, often travelling on their bellies, enduring winds of up to 100 mph and sub-zero temperatures. When they finally reach the mating grounds, they undergo a series of elaborate mating rituals before pairing off into monogamous couples and mating. Once the egg is laid, the female penguins travel back to the sea, swimming and eating and having a great time while the males are left to hatch the eggs. After two months, the eggs hatch and the females return with food, at which point the males begin a trek to the sea and back in order to gather enough food to keep the penguin chicks alive. MEETING OF MALE PENGUINS at more normal times. Emperor penguins behave like a community. In the harsher times of winter, together they brave the storms of their environment. After the storms, it is the same. These are the fathers who take care of the eggs and nurture them to chicks and until the mothers come back. The mothers have gone back to sea to eat and would take them about two months to return.2 Photo credits: Yahoo MOTHER PENGUINS TRAVEL BACK TO SEA. After delivery, the mother penguins would entrust their eggs to the father penguins and would need to go back to sea to eat or else would die. The travel is not that easy as it takes them to coast ice glaciers of some distance. Most of the time, they travel by foot. When they get tired, they use their stomachs and slide by the ice glaciers.2 Photo credits: Yahoo Thesis. There are differences between human beings and penguins, but there are also similarities that echo much human experiences of love and loss. Penguins,3 however, are just birds and so should be assessed as birds and not something that should model for human beings. Similarities and differences. In March of the Penguins, the similarities and differences between man and penguin were clearly marked. The similarities mainly centered on rearing habits and mother instincts. Like human beings, penguins are warm-blooded vertebrate bipeds that reproduce sexually from male and female intercourse. They also rear their offspring to maturity as couples, very much reminiscent of domestic concerns (Greydanus 2006). This penguin concern extends to filial relationship and parent feelings for the offspring. The mother instinct in the movie is partially exemplified in the mother penguin trying to steal another's chick in an effort to replace her lost chick. It is hilarious in that in this episode, it is like the story of the two women fighting over a baby and judged by Solomon in the bible. Unlike human beings who resort to legal cases, the penguins band together to stop the stealing (Greydanus 2006). Not of the same

Regionality Writing Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Regionality Writing Portfolio - Essay Example Influence slave trade produced on the African continent is immense, for nearly 400 years of slave trade deprived Africa of around 12.5 million of labor force. Buying slaves – previously captured people of other ethnic groups and tribes – from coastal kingdoms, Americans and Europeans halted development of the entire West Africa through affecting local husbandry, agriculture and handicraft (Rowntree et al., 2014). Moreover, collaboration and grafting leaders of coastal kingdoms, the traders instigated conflict between different African nations and eventually caused wars. In the internal wars, Africa hardly had any wealth accumulation and lost around 100 million of labor force, for many able-bodied people died. At the same time, establishment and strengthening of economic and political entities was heavily impeded by the fact that many African communities had to hide from the slave traders through relocation of their settlements and thus were more interested in survival t han in development of countries or increase of economic might. In general, Atlantic slave trade that thrived until the 19th century facilitated the flow of labor force from Africa’s interior to the expanding territories of the New World, which were in need of more workers. As a result, many African regions were left underdeveloped and rather poor due to lack of labor force and – owing to efforts of their future colonizers – absence of efficient centralized states. This made Africa vulnerable to further colonization by European state.

Ols 252 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ols 252 - Essay Example What makes me love the profession is my admiration of how pharmacists play a major role in ensuring patients are able to regain their good health. This makes me to have a sight in being the most respected pharmacist of the community (Yukl et al., 76). The type of organization I would like to lead is majorly a retail pharmacy because I would enjoy the direct communication I would be accorded with the patients and also working with my colleagues in completing each task efficiently. One year after graduation, I expect to be a pharmacist in a retail pharmacy. This is useful in me gaining experience by accepting responsibilities as a pharmacist. Five years after graduation, I expect a pharmacy manager in a retail store. This will be achieved through hard work, teamwork and helping new members in adapting to their new environment. Finally, ten years after graduation, I expect to be a regional pharmacist manager or intern coordinator. With experience and proficient in executing my job as a pharmacist, this type of leadership will put me in a position to give back to the profession. As an intern coordinator, I will stand a chance to be able to mentor and lead pharmacy students. Step 2: assessing my leadership qualities There are many assessments that had a greater effect into my life but the six most important assessments to me are self-confidence which entails: generalized self-efficacy, leader-member exchange, motivation to lead, influential tactics, emotional intelligence and participatory leadership attitudes. Generalized self-efficacy is an important attribute which shows the importance of having self-confidence for one to be an effective leader and leader emergence. Self-confidence is important to leaders as they show one’s ability to believe in being successful and be able to influence others to achieve a common desired goal or results. Generalized self-efficacy can be strongly manifested in an individual with high self-confidence which has an end-result of strong and effective leadership. In the assessment, a score of 6 represented a strong sense of generalized self-efficacy and a low score of say 2 shows a weaker sense of generalized self-efficacy. Faced with different situations, I have a capacity to succeed as evidenced by my high score of 5 since it indicates a strong sense of efficacy. I chose this assessment because of the score and I have the belief I have that, I will succeed and whatever am doing will produce a desirable result faced with a situation. Leader-member exchange is another assessment I chose because I it assesses the pros and cons of a follower while being supervised. In this assessment the quality of relationship exchanged between the leader and member is taken into account, a score above 6 shows a high quality and a low-quality relationship is shown by a lower score than 2. I have a score of 5.43 which shows my relationship with a leader was of high-quality. Motivation to lead is the assessment I also valued because it contained dimensions on what motivates one to lead. A high score say above 6 in all the dimensions shows a strong motivation to lead and a weak motivation to lead as indicated by a low score, say below 2. My scores in this assessment were 4.2, 4.11 and 4.7 which were relatively high and indicate that I love the role of a leader and like giving directions to my followers. Since I have a goal of being an intern coordinator, this assessment will be handy since I would like to effective lead my fellow pharmacist students

Concept Of Quality Circles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Concept Of Quality Circles - Essay Example Quality Circle concept has three major attributes: a) Change in Attitude: The establishment of quality circles brings an attitude change from "I don't care" to "I do care". Also it brings 'Continuous improvement' in quality of work life through humanization of work. A Quality Circle has an appropriate organizational structure for its effective and efficient performance. It varies from industry to industry, organization to organization. But it is useful to have a basic framework as a model. The structure of a Quality Circle consists of the following elements. i. A steering committee: This is at the top of the structure. It is headed by a senior executive and includes representatives from the top management personnel and human resources development people. It establishes policy, plans and directs the program and meets usually once in a month. v. Circle members: They may be staff workers. Without circle members the porgramme cannot exist. They are the lifeblood of quality circles. They should attend all meetings as far as possible, offer suggestions and ideas, participate actively in group process, take training seriously with a receptive attitude. The roles of Steering Committee, Co-ordinator, Facilitator, Circle leader and Circle members are well defined. PROCESS OF OPERATION The operation of quality circles involves a set of sequential steps as under: 1. Problem identification: Identify a number of problems. 2 Problem selection: Decide the priority and select the problem to be taken up first. 3 Problem Analysis: Problem is clarified and analysed by basic problem solving methods. 4 Generate alternative solutions: Identify and evaluate causes and generate number of possible alternative solutions. 5 Select the most appropriate solution : Discuss and evaluate the alternative solutions by comparison in terms of investment and return from the investment. This enables to select the most appropriate solution. 6 Prepare plan of action : Prepare plan of action for converting the solution into reality which includes

Same sex marraige should be legalized Research Paper - 1

Same sex marraige should be legalized - Research Paper Example egalized on the grounds that they are socially acceptable, certain states have started accepting this kind of marriage, this kind of marriage results in the wellbeing of the society and those who are against same sex marriage are conducting an act of discrimination. Deniability of same sex marriage is against religion even though religious groups state that such marriages are equal to conducting a sinful act. According to the 1st Amendment, an individual’s religious views should be protected by the state. Marriages are divided between religious and civil marriages and if rules and regulations are made against marriage on the basis of religion, then the policy makers are working against the fact that marriages are a worldly act. Marriages of any kind result in several benefits for the involved couples, marriages have an impact on filing of taxes, property ownership, benefits of insurance and law of agency. Marriages have a positive impact on several decisions, for example: if one of the couples involved in a gay relationship end up getting sick and is hospitalized, the other couple will only be allowed to meet him/her if same sex marriage is legalized. This is because without the legalization of same sex marriage, the couples ill not be a llowed to meet and will result in emotional sufferings for the couples. The law requires that medical decisions regarding an individual can be made by her marriage partner and not by those individuals with whom the patient shares an intimate relationship without marriage. If same sex marriages are not legalized, gay couples may only be recognized as individuals who are sharing an intimate relationship and may not be able to take decisions on each other’s behalf. Same sex relationship has gained acceptance within the society and it is backed by biological evidence. These relationships have been in existence since the Greek and the Roman period, the very term lesbian is not a new term, it was developed by the Greeks. Greeks had a

Affirmative Action Essay Example for Free

Affirmative Action Essay Affirmative action is policies to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of previously disadvantages group. There is a lot of history and events behind this policy. First, in 1978 the Supreme Court addressed the issue for the first time with the case of Alan Bakke. He was a 31 year old who had been wait-listed for admission by the University of California at Davis. His scores and grades where higher than all the other African Americans so his rejection was declared illegal because they determined his admission by his race. Also, in 1979, the court ruled that a factory and a union could voluntarily adopt a quota system in selecting black workers over more senior white workers for a training program. As a result in 1980, Ronald Reagan, an ardent foe of for affirmative action was finally supported. Following this event, in 1989 the supreme court handed down five civil rights decisions limiting affirmative action programs and making it harder to prove employment discrimination. Lastly, in 1990 Congress passed legislation designed to overrule the Court’s rulings, but President George Bush vetoed it. Then in 1991 Congress made a weaker version of the Civil Rights Act the overruled the Supreme Court rulings which prohibited the use of quotas or affirmative action. The arguments for affirmative action is that there should be a certain number of a race admitted to a college or job. There should be quotas that have to be met with different minority groups. Only the â€Å"superior Caucasian race† should fill the schools or job positions. Everyone else is labeled â€Å"not good enough for the position. † The argument against affirmative action is that it is racist and violates all the civil rights laws we fought for. Everyone should have an equal opportunity to fill the position no matter his or her race, gender, ethnicity, etc. In my opinion, I don’t think affirmative action is needed today. I think it is 100% wrong and racist. Why should my race matter if I get the job or get accepted to a college? It shouldn’t matter, especially if I can work or study just as hard as a Caucasian student. We fought to hard for civil rights in order for this to be acceptable. Reverse discrimination is when a minority is the majority. This mainly happens with groups geared towards that minority. That minority would treat other with affirmative action just like they have probably been treated in the past. For example, college that is historically black will probably accept more African American students compared to any other race. Yes, I believe that reverse discrimination still occurs today. Those minority groups want majority groups to feel what they felt and experience affirmative action. With each candidate I considered his or her grade, scores, and extra curricular activities. I considered their GPA and activities over their SAT/ACT scores because I believe that not everyone is a good test taker. I believe that those tests shouldn’t determine whether you get accepted to a college or not. I don’t think that those scores can tell whether a student is going to succeed in college or not. I think that their GPA and high school grades should determine that. I also think that, that test shouldn’t determine anything because it isn’t fair; it is geared toward Caucasian students. I believe that race should not play any role in whether a student gets accepted, denied, or put on the waitlist. Just because I’m African American and the next student is Caucasian doesn’t mean we are different. At the end of the day both students are applying and attending college to get an education and fulfill their goals and ambitions. Admissions officers should consider how unique a student is and how much they genuinely appreciate education. All colleges should interview their possible applicants because anyone can write anything on a piece of paper. The process is probably really difficult because there are a lot of excellent applicants. Race should not be stated when selecting students for college. I believe that will eliminate affirmative action and other issues. For a college to â€Å"set aside† a certain place for minority groups or to give special treatment to certain groups could mean one of two things in my opinion. First it could mean that they are being racist and believe one group is superior over another. It could also mean that the college is trying to make that student comfortable by giving them people they can relate to. Most minority groups flock together anyway. I do believe that it is wrong for those groups to have special treatment over others because we are all equal. I don’t think colleges engage in this activity today, but they probably have in the past. This probably happened in the past when race played a big factor in everyone’s life. I believe that colleges should make each applicant anonymous when applying so that everyone has an equal and fair chance. Admissions officers should only know the students abilities and accomplishments which will admit them to the school or not. I think that it is very unfair how colleges resort to picking students to attend their schools. I wish this process could change for the better in the future. If a student worked hard in high school and has excellent criteria to attend the school, then why should they be denied over someone whose race is more unique? I believe that we are all equal and we should all get the same treatment no matter our race.

Biometrics Voting System Essay Example for Free

Biometrics Voting System Essay Biometrics is the term given to the use of biological traits or behavioral characteristics to identify an individual. The traits may be fingerprints, hand geometry, facial geometry, retina patterns, voice recognition, and handwriting recognition. In this paper we have used thumb impression for the purpose of voter identification or authentication. As the thumb impression of every individual is unique, it helps in maximizing the accuracy. A database is created containing the thumb impressions of all the voters in the constituency. Illegal votes and repetition of votes is checked for in this system. Hence if this system is employed the elections would be fair and free from rigging. Thanks to this system that conducting elections would no longer be a tedious and expensive job. DESIGN The design of the system consists of the following important parameters. 1. Scanning- using DSP Processor 2. Searching- based on the principle of GOOGLE SEARCH 3. Networking- all the election booths are connected in a network 4. Data transfer– using telephone lines.. The only pre-requisite for the use of this finger print scanner is a personal identification card. We hope that this system proves to be efficient and enables the people to be smarter in choosing their leaders. SUMMARY OF DESIGN The main aim in designing this product is to provide the concept of the personal identity for each individual. This is extended to a special case of electronic voting machine concept. The summary of the design can be briefly explained diagrammatically as follows. Fig-1. 1 : Block Diagram of Design As initially at time of distributing voting cards. At the time of voting, the option of the voter is taken along with the finger print. The finger print taken by the scanner is sent to the DSP chip through an in-built A/D converter. The processed image is transferred to hard disk with biasing of SDRAM. The option entered by the voter is transferred to chip through DEMUX and is stored in the memory. If the transferred image is matched with any of the records in the data base, then the interrupt is given by the HARD DISK to DSP chip. Then the option is considered in the count. After the acquisition of the count this is transmitted to the HOST computer or central server using telephone lines. As the count of each party is transmitted to the HOST from all the VOTING MACHINES present in the constituency, the HOST will add parallel count of particular party and makes the final count of each party in ascending order. The final count is transferred to the main HOST (head quarters) using either telephone lines or radio waves. DESCRIPTION OF THE VOTING MACHINE Fig:1. 2- Description of voting machine BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR THE WHOLE PROCESS IN BRIEF Fig:1. 3-Block diagram of the process. VOTING SYSTEM The detailed description of each and every internal unit in the VOTING SYSTEM is given below. It can be divided in to the following main categories. FINGER PRINT SCANNER The finger print scanner consists of the following parts: 1. FINGER PRINT SENSOR: This is used to scan the thumb impression. The data obtained from this is analog in nature. This is transferred to the A/D converter for further processing. 2. A/D CONVERTER: This is used to convert the analog data from the SENSOR into the digital data and transfer it to the processor. 3. FLASH ROM: This is for the storage of the data temporarily in the DSP processor. This will work until the data is transferred to the main memory of the HOST. 4. DSP CHIP: This is used to receive the data and process it. This is connected to the USB port for further transfer of the data. 5. USB PORT: The sole purpose of the USB port is to establish a communication link between the DSP processor and the MEMORY (DATABASE). Fig:2. 1-Scanning Process EXTRACTION OF THUMB IMPRESSION Fig:2. 2-Extraction of thumb impression The next step in the process is the extraction of the thumb impression from the memory. The features of the finger print are stored in the form of pixels. This is further sent for pattern matching where the finger print is then compared with the records in the database. If the pattern matches with any one of he records then the vote is accepted. If the feature doesn’t match with any one of the finger prints stored in the data base then the vote is rejected. Fig:2. 3- Storage of Database FEATURE EXTRACTION AND COMPARISON SCANNING AND PROCESSING The biometric sensor scans the image. This so scanned data is in the analog form. This is converted into digital form by using an A/D converter. Since the image is to be transferred quickly to the converter, it is interfaced in parallel with the DSP chip. The data received from the parallel in ports is further processed in the chip. Parallel interfacing is done to have a quick performance. TRANSFER OF PROCESSED DATA TO THE HARD DISK The data which is processed in the DSP chip (finger print) is transferred in parallel to the HARD DISK for searching process. The BIOS language of the HARD DISK is stored in SDRAM which is also interfaced in parallel with the chip. This helps the chip to transfer the image to the HARD DISK for further process. The image transferred to the HARD DISK is compared with that of the DATA BASE. The circuit connections for the process explained are as shown below. A DE-MULTIPLEXER is connected to the inputs in parallel to the chip. The option which is given is transferred to the chip in binary form. Fig:2. 4-DE-MUX used in the process. E. g. : 1. Party one, 2. Party two, 3. Party three, 4. Party four. Suppose if the option is two then the binary data transfer to the ports is 0010. DE-MULTIPLEXER is designed according to the number of parties present in the constituency. The transferred data is stored in a 16-bit register according to their option. After counting takes place the count of each party is transferred to the transmitter. A transmitter is interfaced serially to the DSP chip. The transmitter data is transferred through the telephone lines to the HOST. The counts of similar parties are added at the host and the data is transferred to the STATE HEAD QUARTERS (main HOST) to display the result of the particular constituency. VERIFICATION VERIFICATION OF VOTERS Fig:3. 1-Verification of Voters Here the identity of a person is checked whether heshe belongs to the particular constituency or not. The machine which takes the finger print of the person checks it with the data base already stored in it. If the finger print matches it will give access to the person to cast his vote and if it doesn’t match any of the finger prints stored in the data base then it will reject the voter. Thus his method will enable the members of that particular constituency only to vote. This can be taken as the first step to avoid rigging. To have a faster performance the searching technique is implemented on the basis of GOOGLE SEARCH. The process in the form of a flow chart is as given below. PROCESSING AND COUNTING Fig:3. 2-Counting Process. After the person gets the PROCEED symbol from the voting machine, there appears a screen on which all the parties names along with the symbols are present. The person should select any one of the party by giving the number allotted to that particular party as input through the keypad. After the option is selected the voter is prompted for a confirmation. In case the voter enters an invalid number, the screen reappears and heshe is prompted to cast the vote again. Then according to the option selected, the vote count of the particular party gets incremented by one. Finally, at the end of the day, the position of the parties in terms of the total votes cast can be known. A very simple flow chart for the above process is as shown below: REJECTION OF VOTER REPETITION Fig:3. 3-Rejection block diagram After we have emerged out with a solution to check voter’s identity in a constituency, our next task is to see that a particular person cannot vote more than once i. e. to avoid multiple votes. This task can be accomplished by simple software technique employed. It consists of two folders namely searched and unsearched. Initially the searched folder consists of no images. The thumb impression images of all the voters of a constituency will be present in the unsearched folder. As and when a vote is cast, the image of the particular voter gets transferred to the searched folder. The searched folder is programmed such that an image cannot be present more than once in this folder. So when a voter casts multiple votes the exception is generated and an alarm is raised and even the police can be informed about the identity of the intruder indulging in this illegal activity. This is shown in the block diagram given belowThe scanned vote is first checked with he acceptability of the voter as explained in the first flow chart. If the finger print is accessible then the data of the specified person is taken into account. The voter’s thumb impression is verified with the previously cast votes. If there is no match then the vote is accepted and the count is increased by one. If the vote matches with any of the previous votes then the vote is rejected and th e person’s identity is stored and it is given to the police for further enquiry. There is a flash ROM in which these details can be stored. NETWORK FORMATION OF THE NETWORK The voting machines present in a town are interlinked in the form of a highly secure LAN. This network is formed with the help of the telephone lines. All the data collected in the voting system is first stored in the voting machine itself. Then it is sent to the HOST which will be located at headquarters of the town. All the data is collected there and it is transferred to the main HOST. The purpose of saving the data in the voting machine at first is that even if there is loss of data by some means then it can be easily retrieved from the machine again. In this way all the things are bought into a network. Fig:4. 1-Formation of the network These hosts are again grouped into network through radio waves or again telephone lines. Host is a device which consists of a PROCESSOR and a RAM. It will accept the data from all the voting machines through telephone lines and it will store the data in RAM (count of all parties). Then it will add the count of similar parties and store the count in ascending or descending order and display the result whenever it is necessary. Thus all the voting machines in the state can be formed into a network. The network can make use of RADIO waves or TELEPHONE lines for the data transfer. CONCLUSION ADVANTAGES 1. The system is highly reliable and secure. 2. In the long run the maintenance cost is very less when compared to the present systems. 3. Illegal practices like rigging in elections can be checked for. 4. It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy. CONCLUSION Thus the advent of this biometric thumb impression voting system would enable hosting of fair elections in India. This will preclude the illegal practices like rigging. The citizens can be sure that they alone can choose their leaders, thus exercising their right in the democracy.

In Time Movie Review

In Time Movie Review In Time starring Justin Timberlake as Will Salas, is what I believe to be an eye-catching action thriller with every right to be on your must watch list. Breaking onto the scene just as the occupy wall street movement began to gain traction on October 28th 2011. Director Andrew Nicoll, did a fantastic job in displaying what can happen to society when the rich become driven by greed. This film was produced by Regency Enterprises and initially released in theaters. Although, it can be now viewed through everybodys favourite streaming platform Netflix. In Time finds itself to be extremely unique, separating itself from other action thrillers. People are free to live carelessly until they reach twenty-five and thats when their clock starts ticking. This is when you are given one more year to live and when that time hits zero, you time out. This results in people having to hustle or face death evident by Will saying You dont generally sleep in.. when questioned, how do people survive like this. The film is portraying Will Salas a man living day to day on his remaining time. Somehow finding himself in the possession of centuries and accused of murdering the man who gave him the time. He left him a final note reading Dont waste my time shortly before timing out himself. Leading to Will going onto finding himself falling in love with Olivia. A foil of himself rich, with time beyond his wildest dreams, edgy and against her father. Furthermore, going onto robbing time for the poor acting as a robin hood figure and escaping the timekeeper. As an action thriller movie, I was very impressed in comparison to other films that fall into the same category such as Furious Seven and Mad Max: Fury Road. In Time was not lacking in the creativity department of the plot. It was not simply a high budget movie set out to grab money. The story had depth and layers, moving from one objective to another. Unlike Mad Max: Fury Road which just focused on an escape and traveling with fuel with minor irrelevant details, coming off as a bit all over the place. In addition, Furious Seven which also has a messy plot comes off worse as a cash cow series. With simply no substance and just explosions with lack luster sound effects to tag along. This truly unique piece, does a great job of setting itself from other films within the same genre of action and thriller. I personally, am yet to see a more creative film well executed. It did a fantastic job in tying in some realism and science fiction. In what society could possibly get too at the point of over population and the rich wanting poor people to remain impoverished. I also believe the film had a very rich and satisfying production, featuring well edited settings whether it was in the corporate city, desert or the ghetto. Along with the soundtrack which added another sense to the film sometimes giving me goosebumps and not allowing my eyes leave the screen to see just what was about to happen. Furthermore, Craig Armstrong did an amazing job in the sound production truly triggering my emotions inside and anticipation for what was to happen. The only thing I wish this film included was more insight into how society got to the point of where time has taken the place of mon ey and how its ties directly with your life. I believe In Time to have included many themes such as one being time is money. Which can be taken in the literal sense of this movie because time acts as a currency and is a crucial part of everyday life, running the world. Along with that, Henry Hamilton played by Matt Bomer say For a Few to be immortal many must die this is relevant in this film since the rich only get richer and live forever, while the less fortunate wither away and struggle day to day. The themes in this movie are quite sad and can get the viewer really conflicted thinking about todays world and why some that can afford to give hoard. In conclusion, I believe this film is a must watch for any thriller fans. The balanced cast including Justin Timberlake, Olivia Wilde and Matt Bomer made for a great addition. Along with, the great use of a unique plot and great special effects. The use of imagery and themes also really gets the viewer thinking really making this film a must to any movie lover and person with an open mind.

The Role of Religion in Elementary & Secondary Education Essay

Freedom of Religion is a liberty considered by many Americans to be one of the defining aspects of their country, but a line is drawn when one person’s freedom infringes upon another's. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.† â€Å"With those words, in the First Amendment to the Constitution, the fledgling United States of America became the first nation to place into law the notion that religious beliefs were a private matter for individuals who had the legal right to freedom of conscience, and that no government had the right or authority to dictate what religious opinions people shall or shall not hold.†1 â€Å"What schools need is a moment of science†. I laugh at the bumper sticker as I pull into my high school’s parking lot. The controversy of public school prayer has not struck my particular school, but it is still prominent in my mind. For decades, many schools have allowed for a moment of silent prayer in the beginning of the day – a time for reflection or meditation – and some have even led deliberately Christian-oriented prayer services over the PA systems. My school would open each class with a recitation of â€Å"Let us remember that we are in the holy presence of God†, and then offer prayers to anyone who had intentions. Then again, my school is a private, Catholic organization, and can pray however it wants to. Public schools are another question. Prayer was largely removed from public schools back in 1967 – but the influence still remained, it seems. Nowadays, lobbyists are convinced that freedom of religion also implies freedom fr om religion, should the individual choose it, and so they are working towards erasing the â€Å"under God† from the Pledge of Allegia... ...consisting entirely of a profound natural respect), the purpose of environmental service learning in religion courses becomes lost in somewhat muddled metaphors. Theoretically, this entire debacle could be avoided if biology teachers simply said, â€Å"evolution happened. Now, whether or not there was a god behind it depends on your personal preference†. Specific religions, as mandated by the notion of separation of church and state, should not play any role in public education. To compensate, schools should facilitate spiritual, environmental projects to bolster the students’ appreciation for nature without the convoluted religious facet. While Congress can make no law infringing on a citizen’s right to believe, it can limit a religion’s practices, and therefore has every Constitutional right to explicitly forbid the mention of divinity in a public school classroom.

Death of a Naturalist: A study of Seamus Heaney?s first book of poems.

Death of a Naturalist: A study of Seamus Heaney’s first book of poems. Seamus Heaney, the famed Irish poet, was the product of two completely different social and psychological orders. Living on â€Å"a small farm of some fifty acres in County Derry in Northern Ireland† (Nobel eMuseum), Seamus Heaney’s childhood was spent primarily in the company of nature and the local wildlife. His father, a man by the name of Patrick Heaney, had a penchant for farming and working the land. Seamus’ mother Margaret, in contrast, was a woman born into a family called McCann, who’s major dealings were with business dealings, trade and â€Å"the modern world† (Nobel eMuseum). Patrick Heaney was a man of few words, and preferred the quiet life of a farmer to the vocal world of trade and industry. Margaret Heaney was in fact quite the opposite and believed in speaking out, being heard and was seldom shy in expressing her feelings (Nobel eMuseum). These two extreme contrasts were enormously influential in the shaping of Seamus as a man and as a poet, and his first book Death of a Naturalist is a testament to this. Death of a Naturalist focuses on nature and wildlife as well as human emotions, and using poetry as his medium, Seamus Heaney shows his readers with specific reference to love and death, the images of nature that are associated with his father, and intertwines them with the human feelings and emotions that are closely linked with his mother. Love is a prominent theme in Seamus Heaney’s first book of poems, and it is worthwhile noting that just one year after Heaney married the love of his life, a woman named Mary Devlin, that Heaney wrote and released Death of a Naturalist (Nobel eMuseum). It might be confusing for one to imagine a relationship between the wild and natural world and a human characteristic such as love, but Seamus Heaney manages to bring the two themes together in a deeply poetic and fitting fashion. In the poem Twice Shy, love is the governing premise. Twice Shy revolves around the idea of new lovers playing a game of hunter and the hunted, and with references to both nature as well as human emotions, Heaney displays the influences that were instilled in him as a young man by his parents. In the second stanza, the influence is unmistakable as Heaney describes a situation in which two lovers are trying to conform to the traditions of courting, but are consumed ... ...ons in drills.† (Heaney 23). The men aboard the drifting ship are starving to death and demand to be fed by the captain, but when he refuses them food, â€Å"in whines and snarls their desperation / Rose and fell like a flock of starving gulls† (Heaney 23). By describing the men’s eyes as being like â€Å"spring onions† and by comparing the men as being like birds, Heaney brings nature into a mix of human feeling once more, thus creating a poem where impending death can be a topic that is both animalistic as well as human and emotionally expressive. Within Death of a Naturalist, Seamus Heaney explores many different aspects of life in Ireland. With his constant references to both the natural world and the very different topic of human emotion, Seamus Heaney designed a book of poems that shows readers that a connection between the two can exist. Death of a Naturalist is a book that in a totally unique way bonds love, death, nature and emotion in a fashion that echoes both Patrick and Margaret Heaney’s dominant character traits. Works Cited Heaney, Seamus. Death of a Naturalist. Chatham, Kent: Faber and Faber Limited, 1999. â€Å"Seamus Heaney Biography† Nobel eMuseum. November 15, 2001.

Explore Models Of Disability

The medical model: is presented as viewing disability as a problem of the person, directly caused by disease, trauma, or other health condition which therefore requires sustained medical care provided in the form of individual treatment by professionals. In the medical model, management of the disability is aimed at a â€Å"cure,† or the individual’s adjustment and behavioral change that would lead to an â€Å"almost-cure† or effective cure. In the medical model, medical care is viewed as the main issue.The Social Model : The social model of disability sees the issue of â€Å"disability† as a socially created problem and a matter of the full integration of individuals into society. In this model, disability is not an attribute of an individual, but rather a complex collection of conditions, many of which are created by the social environment. Hence, the management of the problem requires social action and is the collective responsibility of society at larg e to make the environmental modifications necessary for the full participation of people with disabilities in all areas of social life.The issue is both cultural and ideological, requiring individual, community, and large-scale social change. From this perspective, equal access for someone with an impairment/disability is a human rights issue of major concern. The Moral Model: Refers to the attitude that people are morally responsible for their own disability. For example, the disability may be seen as a result of bad actions of parents if congenital, or as a result of practising witchcraft if not.The empowering Model: Allows for the person with a disability and his/her family to decide the course of their treatment and what services they wish to benefit from. This, in turn, turns the professional into a service provider whose role is to offer guidance and carry out the client’s decisions. In other words, this model â€Å"empowers† the individual to pursue his/her own goals. The examples above are only some of the ‘models’ of disability which have been defined over the last few years.The two most frequently mentioned are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models of disability. The medical model of disability views disability as a ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. It is not seen as an issue to concern anyone other than the individual affected. For example, if a wheelchair using individual is unable to get into a building because of some steps, the medical model would suggest that this is because of the wheelchair, rather than the steps. The social model of disability, in contrast, would see the steps as the disabling barrier.This model draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society can do to r educe, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person. Many people are willing to adopt the social model and to make adjustments for people who have a visible disability.However, they are not as accommodating with people who have a hidden disability, or a disability that is not clearly understood. People with impairments are disabled by the fact that they are excluded from participation within the mainstream of society as a result of physical, organisational and attitudinal barriers. These barriers prevent them from gaining equal access to information, education, employment, public transport, housing and social/recreational opportunities. However, recent developments promote inclusion.Anti-discrimination legislation, equal-opportunity policies and programmes of positive action have arisen because it is now more widely recognised that disabled people are unnecessarily and unjustly restricte d in or prevented from taking part in a whole range of social activities which non-disabled people access and take for granted. In my day service, working in a person centred manner is imperative for all the individuals that attend. Respecting their individuality and uniqueness is paramount.Whilst understanding the medical model is essential to treat conditions, receive pain relieving drugs and identify necessary assistive aids, understanding the social model of disability is equally as essential. As a service we undertook with our service users the task of going out in our local town and seeing firsthand what barriers people with physical/sensory disabilities faced. We identified several venues, e. g. library, bank, park and local indoor market and we set out to identify what barriers, if any our service users faced trying to access the facilities.The social barriers were evident immediately. The library had stairs with no lift, so it was inaccessible for wheelchair users, the park had extremely uneven footpaths, which was extremely dangerous for people with walking aids and the bank had an electronic door, but only stayed open for 3 seconds so the individual I had accompanied there in a wheelchair would have actually got stuck in the door had I not been there to press the door again quickly to reopen it.As a service, we supported our service users in writing letters to the organisations explaining the difficulties disabled people faced trying to access their buildings and our service users told us they felt empowered and liberated having done that. As a service, which is named ‘Our Choice’ that is exactly what it is, the service users choice in what they want to do with their time with us, how they want to do it and with whom.My role is to ensure I am properly trained to work with a range of person centred planning tools and implement them tools in a person centred way. I ensure that our agency staff and our volunteers understand the ethos of pe rson centred planning and maintain high training standards so that our service users feel respected and empowered at all times.

Project Charter: Setting Up a Virtual Private Network Essay

Setting up a LAN/WAN for a small computer repair shop that has two shops within ninety miles of each which will have repairs, sales and networking for home users and small to medium business in the surrounding metro areas of Waynesville and St Roberts Missouri.Prepared ByDate 9/13/14Version1 Project Objective The client is a new computer repair shop in Waynesville and St Robert Missouri and is requiring a network from the ground up including all operating system software and hardware. The client will need a network that will meet their demands in repair and upgrades of customer at home and small and medium business, sales in computers, computer equipment and devices and network equipment and devices and setting up network to homes and small and medium business throughout the two metro areas. Having a network that is secured, efficient and reliable, this will let client meet the needs and wants of their customers. The main objectives of the project are Establish a reliable and secured ring topology network that will meet the demands of the client so they can serve their customers with the highest excellency Deliver the best hardware and software for the network that is within the clients budget that meets their needs and wants Establish servers at both locations that includes a back-up server that is reliable and secured Establish an internet connection for all staff members and field technicians so they can do their jobs on a daily basis Establish a remote access to staff members and field technicians that require the access to accomplish their daily tasks Establish a secured VPN Establish a secure file and print sharing Assumptions Final planning permission will be approved by the clients within the timeframes required Prices will be within the clients projected budget No additional staff will be needed for the project That the project will be completed before or by the due date set by the c lient and project manager There will be no changes or delays in the project That resources used for the project will be used within the limits of the client Project Scope This is probably one of the most important aspects of the project. What is the project, what is being delivered and done With this project there are many things that are going one and will be at times at the same time. The two stores that are located in Waynesville and St Robert will be connected and will be able to  communicate with each other over the network through a LAN/WAN combination. There will be internet connection with both shops and for staff and field technicians that will need to use it. This project will be delivering the following deliverables To establish a network from the ground up, that will require all new hardware, that will include but not limited to computers, routers, switches, printers, laptops and mobile devices and any other hardware that will be required Establish a ring topology Create a server and back-up server at both locations Purchasing of hardware and s oftware that meets the needs of the client that is within their projected budget Implement Windows Server 2008 and establish Windows 7 Professional for workstations and laptops Test the Network and see it is working and correctly and is within the client needs Create a secured VPN Create an Active Directory for both sites for permissions for file and print sharing WI-FI connections for all staff and field technicians Remote access for staff and field technicians that require the access Create a Cloud computing through a 3rd party vendor Training for staff and field technician on the network Training the staff and field technicians of remote access log-in Documentation and drawings on information on the network and how to use certain aspects of the network (i.e. logging on the system either at site or remotely) List any requirements that are specifically excluded from the scope. None excluded from the scope or to be determined at a later time. Project Milestones MilestonesDateDeliverablesCompletion of Project Charter completeSeptember 13, 2014 Information on the project for the client and what is expected to be accomplishing throughout the project. The client accepts and signs the project charter.Network Design completeOctober 4, 2014Design a ring topology secured network.Set-up of servers, computers and printers and other miscellaneous hardware and devices completeOctober 18, 2014Set-up hardware, computers, printers, servers and back-up servers and other hardware and devices that will be needed for the network including routers and switches.Installation of Network completeOctober 20, 2014Set-up the network. Installation of Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7 professional, including set-up of Active Directory, VPN and Remote access permission and restrictions completeNovember 7, 2014Installation and setup of Windows Server 2008 and Windows 7 Professional, Active Directory, VPN, Remote access permissions and restrictions (giving access to all required staff).Network  Testing completeOctober 14, 2014Test the network for conflicts and fix them conflicts.Implement the Network completeOctober 15, 2014Implement the Network and put it on-line.Cloud computing set-up completeOctober 16, 2014Set-up a 3rd party Cloud computing.Training completeOctober 17, 2014Train all staff and field technicians of the network, remote access, and logging on.Documentation completeOctober 19, 2014Information on the network and logging on to the network and remote access and any other documentation that will be needed.Project completeOctober 20, 2014The client has signed off on all deliverables and the project is now in review. Impact Statement Project ActivityImpactsCriticalityGain Final Client Planning ApprovalAll Planning and execution activitiesVery HighNetwork DesignThe network as a wholeVery HighInstall NetworkThe networkHighTrainingThe client and networkHighDocumentationThe client High Roles and Responsibilities Sponsor Provides overall direction on the project. Responsibilities include approve the project charter and plan secure resources for the project confirm the projects goals and objectives keep abreast of major project activities make decisions on escalated issues and assist in the resolution of roadblocks.NameEmail / PhoneProject Manager Leads in the planning and development of the project manages the project to scope. Responsibilities include develop the project plan identify project deliverables identify risks and develop risk management plan direct the project resources (team members) scope control and change management oversee quality assurance of the project management process maintain all documentation including the project plan report and forecast project status resolve conflicts within the project or between cross-functional teams ensure that the projects product meets the business objectives and communicate project status to stakeholders.NameE mail / PhoneTeam Member Works toward the deliverables of the project. Responsibilities include understand the work to be completed complete research, data gathering, analysis, and documentation as outlined in the project plan inform the project manager of issues, scope changes, and risk and quality concerns proactively communicate status and manage expectations.NameEmail / PhoneCustomer The person or department requesting the deliverable. Responsibilities include partner with the sponsor or project manager to create the Project Charter partner with the project manager to manage the project including the timeline, work plan, testing,  resources, training, and documentation of procedures work with the project team to identify the technical approach to be used and the deliverables to be furnished at the completion of the project provide a clear definition of the business objective sign-off on project deliverables take ownership of the developed process and software.NameEmail / PhoneSubject Matter Expert Provides expertise on a specific subject. Responsi bilities include maintain up-to-date experience and knowledge on the subject matter and provide advice on what is critical to the performance of a project task and what is nice-to-know. NameEmail / Phone Success Measurements The total cost of the project will be determined at a later time. The project will include a new network, that will include computers, laptops, servers and server back-ups, server and OS software, routers, switches, printers and any other equipment and devices that will be needed for the project. The measurements for this project is to have a network that is efficient, secure and reliable for the client and that it is expandable network for any future expansion. It will meet the client needs and is fast and reliable so the client has no downtime and that is will do what they want it to do for them, with no downtime. The client has a total budget of 450.000 and which includes the network, hardware, software and wages for the employees doing the actual work. This budget is logical and the team will stay within the projected budget and if it goes beyond that they will inform the client within a timely manner.

True Love: Hermia and Lysander

True Love Love is a strong-filled emotion, a bond which is shared between two persons. Love adds to the enchantment and beauty of life. Love has the power to lift the spirits of the persons who share this pure sentiment and is also capable of eliminating the controversies, jealousies and barriers existent due to blood lineage which may try to harm lovers. Egeus, Hermia’s Father, goes to Duke Theseus for assistance with his predicament. Theseus gives Hermia the option to either marry Demetrius, the man his father has deemed worthy of her, or for her to live a barren life as a nun.As Hermia heard what was to come, she replies to Theseus as she defends her love, †So I will grow, so live, so die, my lord, Ere I will yield my virgin patent up unto his lordship whose unwished yoke my soul consents not to give sovereignity. † Hermia’s pale cheeks and melancholic look reflected the sorrow settling in her spirit as she lost her right to love with her heart but in the eyes of another. The situation in which Hermia and Lysander are due to Egues complaint reveals the dominant male perspective of a fatherin society.Lysander in the situation they are in comforts Hermia by saying, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth. † Lysander assured her that they are only going through a phase which all lovers undergo but they will be able to conquer. In response to the Dukes options offered to Hermia, she and Lysander plan to elope in the woods and go to Lysander’s aunt. Lysander suggests to his love,†Therefore hear me, Hermia: I have a widow aunt a dowager of great revenue; and she hath no child. From Athens is her house remote seven leagues; and she respects me as her only son.There gentle Hermia, may I marry thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hermia replies to him, â€Å"In that same place thou hast appointed me tomorrow truly will I meet with thee. † Hermia‘s and Lysander’s love is always put to the test by Egeus’ rejection of Lysander. In the forest, their love is put to the test simply by the fact that Demetrius is always after Hermia and tries to prevent her from eloping with Lysander. Their love is also trialed by Puck who confuses the Athenian lad which Oberon had sent him to put the love potion on.Puck was to place the potion on Demetrius for him to respond to Helena’s love but instead Puck placed it on Lysander’s. Throughout the plot of the story, Hermia always had the option to give up on Lysander’s love and stay with the lad her father had chosen for her, but she always had in mind to follow her heart and not give up on her love due to small adversities. Lysander is worthy of Hermia’s love and proves to be a brave lad who was willing to take risks in order to be with Hermia.While being with the Duke, Lysander tries to convince them that he is financially stable to be with Hermia by saying, â€Å"I am my lord, as well possessed. My love is more than his; my fortune every way as fairly ranked- if not with vantage- as Demetrius. † Through all adversities, He never left Hermia unprotected nor did he give up. Lysander comforts Hermia with his company and words of advice. Lysander was with Hermia in times of need as in the Dukes resolution.Lysander conquered all obstacles that came in between the love that he had for Hermia and proved he was truly worthy of Hermia’s love with his actions. The theme of forbidden love is reflected by the characters of Hermia and Lysander who live life as a daily battle in struggle to maintain their love alive. Even though â€Å"supernatural† powers and mountain-high problems may come in the way of true love, in the end love will always be victorious. Hermia and Lysander are an example of a couple who faced challenges on the way but the prize-being together as a couple, was far more rewarding in the end.

Assess Functionalists Explanations for Patterns of Crime and Deviance

â€Å"Assess functionalists explanations for patterns of crime and deviance. † The patterns of crime and deviance have proven to be a popular topic amongst sociological groups, arguably because it crosses over with many key ideas and debates discussed within sociology. Functionalists are just one of numerous groups who have thrown there hat in the ring by attempting to provide a definitive answer behind the patterns of crime and deviance. However, like all explanations in one way or another, functionalists have been subject to criticism.One of the most prominent functionalists to have lived, Durkheim, explained crime as a problem of modernity associated with the decline of mechanic solidarity, a society that is homogenous and in cohesion. In times of social change people may lose sight of the shared norms and values they’ve become accustomed too, creating a weaker collective conscience. Durkheim describes this state of ‘normlessness’ as anomie which is expr essed not just through crime but, also by suicide, marital breakdown and industrial disputes.Anomie is used to describe why some people become dysfunctional in society and turn to crime. According to Durkheim, society becomes more individualistic because of anomie as people resort to what they do know, themselves, therefore not looking out for their community which would have once been the norm. However, Durkheim doesn’t acknowledge that anomie may not always result in individualism and can lead to the exact opposite.For instance, some people have formed stronger ties to their religious group in reaction to the emergence of the new media, which has caused wide scale social change. Unlike most sociological theories of crime, Durkheim recognised that crime could be a force for good rather than always having negative repercussions. Too much crime and deviance can lead to uncertainty and disruption in society. However, a certain amount of crime can be viewed positively, helping t o promote change and reinforce values. Durkheim categorised crime using three groups: normal, universal and functional.Examples of crime that were beneficial to society are the Suffragette movement, Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white man and Nelson Mandela forming the first black government in South Africa. Following on from the work of Durkheim, Merton developed ‘strain theory’ to reflect the strain between goals and means of achieving those goals. He listed five different forms of behaviour that could be understood as a strain between goals and means: Conformity (the individual continues to adhere to both goals and means, despite limited likelihood of success e. . the American Dream), Innovation (the individual accepts the goals of society but uses different means of achieving this e. g. criminal behaviour), Ritualism (individual adheres to societies means but loses sight of societies goals e. g. police officer enforcing the law, ignoring wh ether it’s just or not), Reteatism (individual rejects both means and goals of society e. g. depends upon drugs or alcohol) and Rebellion (individual substitutes societies goals and means with different ones e. g. religious fundamentalism).

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Kind Of Company †Free Samples

There are two types of business forms that can be setup; each form has their own share of advantages and disadvantages. While going forward with this decision of which type of company to choose, the company   client should focus on few thing, which kind of business that it wants to operate, which kind of company will be suitable for that kind of business, the possible advantages and disadvantages of kind of company ,and whether it has the requester funds that might be needed to start such a company. After the client has figured out the required information, it can carry forward with the formation of the company. Below we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each form of company and what will be suitable for the client in the end. A company is the kind of legal entity that is formed as per the regulations under the Corporations Act 2001. A company has its own legal existence and also the identity of its shareholders must be different form its shareholders and directors.à ‚   A company has its own set of rules that must be followed and also if the company does not have its constitution, it goes by the "replaceable rules" of the Corporations Act 2001. A proprietary company is privately held company that can either be limited or unlimited. Such types of companies are present in Australia and South Africa.   A proprietary company is the type of company that is defined under section 45A(1) of the Corporations Act 2001. Such type of companies is required to have not more than 50 members.   These companies are also not allowed to raise funds from the public that is the main issue that is there with private companies, that they cannot raise money from the public.   It cannot engage itself into any activities that can force them to raise money from the public by issuing a prospectus. A prospectus is a document that is issue by the company stating the terms of offer for shares, to raise money from the public, for their business operations.   There are two types of proprietary companies, namely large proprietary company and small proprietary company.   Both are differentiated on the basis of revenue earned and the level of more o perating activities, and the total amount of fund raised by the company.   A proprietary company is classified as small company if it meets the following requirement-   In case of large proprietary companies, they are required to get their books of account audited and also to appoint an auditor for the same. The small companies are required to get their account audited and prepare their financial statements in the same manner, if they are required to do so as per the requirement of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), or in case of a foreign company , shareholders that are holding more than 5 present of the voting power requires to do so. In case of a proprietary company, the liability of the shareholder is restricted to the number of shares raised held by them, which means that they are liable just for that much amount of shares and not for anything beyond that. This is the situation in case of a limited company. When it comes to an unlimited proprietary company, in which there is a share capital, but the only difference is that the liability of the shareholders is not limited. (https://www.afigec.com/, 2017) Another form of company is the public company. This company have no limit on the number of shareholders and can raise money from the public, by issuing prospectus to the public for the issue of shares. The share capital can be divided into shares of particular denomination and then it can be given to the public, to raise money from the same. Most of the existent public companies were previously private companies that have chosen to go public. All the multinational companies are public companies. The main advantages of this kind of companies are- they have an access to the equity fund market ,a s well as the debt market to raise the requisite amount of fund, for their companies.   They can also additional shares in the public to raise money after the initial offering. That is the kind of many advantages that a public companies has , the area of operation is also large and the total amount of money involved in such kind of companies is also large, so if the client is having so much f unds, they can go ahead with such kind of companies.   The main disadvantages with this kind of business are that there is a lot of control issues involved with the same. And also there are a lot of regulations that a company has to abide by the various government regulations. A public company must have to meet the various government regulations requirements  Ã‚   and the various reporting requirements that the company must abide by. There is also lack of control, because there are so many shareholders, so it is not possible to establish authority in such type of company. (Asic.gov.au, 2017) There are various regulations and other government disclosures that the company needs to comply with, that are the main requirements that the company must need to follow that. The client needs to take decision based on the kind of business operations that the kind of company that they need.   Both of the same have their own share of their advantages and disadvantages and on the basis of the same, the client needs to take the decision the kind of company it wants to establish. (www.nfplawyers.com.au, 2017) Asic.gov.au. (2017). How to start a company | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/how-to-start-a-company/ [Accessed 27 May 2017]. Incorporator.com.au. (2017). Incorporator.com.au - Proprietary company compared with Public Company (Australia). [online] Available at: https://www.incorporator.com.au/l3/21_01_Proprietary_company_compared_with_Public_Company_Australia.asp [Accessed 27 May 2017]. www.nfplawyers.com.au. (2017). Checklist-to-establish-a-Public-Company-Limited-by-Guarantee. [online] Available at: https://www.nfplawyers.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Checklist-to-establish-a-Public-Company-Limited-by-Guarantee.pdf [Accessed 27 May 2017]. Registeracompany.com.au. (2017). Company basics - Register a Company Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.registeracompany.com.au/faq/company-basics.cfm [Accessed 27 May 2017]. https://www.afigec.com/. (2017). company-formation-in-Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.afigec.com/data/en/pdf/142/company-formation-in-australia.pdf [Accessed 27 May 2017].

Urban Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Urban Sociology - Essay Example n Factor: Is Afghanistan Next in Line for an Ethnic Civil War?’; the religious implications of the Iraq war will be thoroughly examined and discussed. Since the September 2001 terrorist attack, the United States had been very active in extending its support by sending some of its troops and its allies to Iraq. Aiming to provide justice to American individuals who had lost their lives during the terrorist attack, President Bush declared the launching of a campaign against terrorism. In reality, Bush’s statement and strong declaration to go against the terrorism was not only focused on political and social dimension of the case scenario. It also suggests a long-term war between Christianity against the Arab and Islamic world. (Fawzy, 2003) When President Bush made his statement to go into war with the Iraqi people, he has violated the real concept of Christianity in the sense that we should spread love and peace around us – not war. The only people who can be considered a victim of the situation are the U.S. solidiers who were sent to Iraq with the risk of losing their lives and fight against individuals who were merely protecting themselves from being attacked by the U.S. troop members. Eventhough the war in Iraq was not literally known to be a war between two religious sectors, it remains a fact that there is a strong political and religious aspect behind the war in Iraq. One political reason why U.S. is very much determined to attack Iraq is the fact that the country is rich in natural resources especially with oil which is very important to the U.S. future economic growth. (Escobar, 2007) On the other hand, war in Iraq is also considered a religious civil war. Since Islam is widely used as a transnational faith which unites its community (Toft, 2008), attacking the Islamic religion could weaken the unity of its community which could easily make the U.S. and its allies take over Iraq. The oil reserve of Iraq is second biggest in the world.

Psychology of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents - Essay Example "Homosexuality is the persistent sexual and emotional attraction to someone of the same sex. It is part of the range of sexual expression. Many gay and lesbian individuals first become aware of and experience their homosexual thoughts and feelings during childhood and adolescence" (Anderson and Adley, 1997, p.71). At the same time their parents begin to consider the adolescent to have mental disorder, as the traditional social stereotypes pose homosexuality as disease. In addition, Catholic Church prohibits 'sodomy' as one of the most dangerous deathly sins. The basic theory about gay and lesbian sexual identity was created by A.Kinsey during his work at Huckleberry House, an institution that provided homosexual youth with psychological support and care. The first phase of 'coming out' (Kinsey et al, 1953) process begins when the teenager realizes he/she is different from others. The second stage includes direct attraction to the individuals of the same gender, followed by guilt and the anticipation of ostracism from the side of 'decent public'. Furthermore, gay and lesbian adolescents might either deny themselves or begin to manifest their identity, with relative teenage maximalism.

Consumer culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Consumer culture - Essay Example One of such events is the World War II. At the end of the war, there were various changes that occurred in the country. The changes that took place in the country were fascinating to the soldiers returning from war (PBS 1). As soldiers arrived in the country, they found many changes that were not there in the past. The changes were associated with the manufacture of various goods that were meant for the war. The increased production had helped America get out of the challenges it has experienced during the era of the Great Depression (PBS 1). The obvious phenomenon is that billions of people in the world belong to consumer class. According to a study done, it is estimated that approximately 1.7 billion people in the world belong to the â€Å"consumer class† (Mayell 1). The war helped America get out of various challenges that occurred in the past. One of such challenges was The Great Depression that had serious ramification on the economy (PBS 1). For this reason, as the challenge was overcome through wartime production, young people found an opportunity to spend. In addition, improved accessibility of jobs, increased wages, and lack of consumer goods in the event of war increased eagerness for American to spend as the war ended (PBS 1). Other changes were seen as young couples married and begun to get children at a higher rates. There were also changes in federal programs that provided an opportunity for young families to purchase their homes mostly in posh areas. However, there are various questions that arise. The first question is how the society transformed after this period in terms of spending. Secondly, what was the impact of such changes to society? Were the impacts positive or negative? The consumer culture had a negative influence on American society because it firmly brings shortcomings on personal life and social environment. There were significant changes in

Employee Involvement and Employee Participation Essay

Employee Involvement and Employee Participation - Essay Example However, the increase of competition in all industries worldwide resulted to severe turbulences in most firms’ internal and external environment. In this context, efforts are made so that the interests of employees are adequately promoted ensuring that job satisfaction and employee performance are at high levels. Moreover, emphasis is given on the involvement of employees in all organizational activities. The modes of employee participation and employee involvement, as these terms reflect different aspects of the employment relationship, are analyzed below. Particular reference is made to shared capitalism which is often regarded as a form of employee involvement. Employee involvement is differentiated from employee participation. In order to understand the characteristics of these two terms it would be necessary to refer to their definitions, as they have been developed in the literature published in this field. In accordance with Foot and Hook (2008) employee involvement is used in order to reflect the right of employee to participation in various phases of organizational activities. It is explained that the above right is provided to employees in order for their engagement and productivity to be increased (Foot and Hook 2008). On the other hand, Secord (2003) defined employee involvement as ‘a range of processes designed to engage the support, understanding and optimum contribution of all employees in an organization’ (Secord 2003, p.231). From a similar point of view, Cummings and Worley (2008) note that employee involvement reflects ‘the participation of employees in various organizational decisions’ (Cummings and Worley 2008, p. 350). The cases of Wells Fargo and Verizon as mentioned as examples of the potential effects of employee involvement in organizational decisions. It is explained that the above organizations supported employee involvement, by encouraging their employees to suggest practices that would help towards the increase of organizational performance. In accordance with Kirkman, Lowe and Young (1999) employee involvement can have three levels: ‘a) the parallel suggestion involvement, b) the job involvement and c) the high involvement, or, else, empowerment’ (Kirkman, Lowe and Young 1999, p.4). The mode of employee involvement promoted within a particular organization is depended on the organization’s culture but also on its aims. Employee involvement, as described above, is differentiated from employee participation, a term used in order to describe the regulation of employment relationship by the state. Of course, employee participation can also refer to empowerment and participation in decision-making but it refers to these activities as related rather to industrial democracy, i.e. for highlighting a right given by the state, as for instance, the collective bargaining right (Evans 2001). In accordance with Rose (2008) employee participation can be defined as Ã¢â‚¬Ë œthe extent to which employees and their representatives should and do enter into joint decision making with management’ (Rose 2008, p.335). Winstanley and Woodall (2000) note that since 1980s the context of employee participation has been changed; in its new form, the term employee participation is used in order to show the increase of employee commitment as a means for promoting organizational change. In any case employee involvement often incorporates the elements of employee parti

Women in management in the 21st centuary Term Paper

Women in management in the 21st centuary - Term Paper Example This is sensible in that these professionals have long been involved in assisting organizations and individuals manage and control deviation in a manner that permits individuals from all backgrounds to hear and be heard and work together efficiently. Diversity and inclusion has been focused on hiring, retaining and promoting women. Women have become a significant force in many nations across the globe. For countless organizations, diversity policies offer a competitive edge, as it allows them to benefit from all the prospective arising from the positive variations among the workers. It is significant to realize that gender plays a considerable role in elements of the business functioning process. Across the world, the number of women in management positions has increased considerably. However, many women have not attained the top positions of organizations and face numerous pressures, both external and internal, to the companies where they work. Traditionally, women were observed as physically and intellectually inferior to men and earlier writers had noted that these discernments have generated obstacles to women’s profession development and resulted to favoritism. It is not challenging for women to attain employment at the low levels of management in companies since the benchmarks for recruitment and advancement are impartial. However, it is still challenging for them to climb to top management positions where the selection benchmarks are biased. Studies indicate that women’s progress towards what has traditionally been referred as men’s careers is particularly minimal. Internationally, the perception of women as possessing less needed management attributes is common among many male management personnel. Percentage of women in Senior Management Positions in multi nationals and Government Agencies globally Women’s status is a primary pointer of social advancement. Sustaining equality between women and men is basic to heighten the nu mber of women in management levels in organizations. Over the past few years, women have attained a considerable portion of limelight in almost every sector and corner of the world. For instance, in the arts, more women directors were capable of getting their work into the cinemas, theatres and televisions. In politics, a high number of women won elections, for instance, South Korea swore in its first female president. According to the Grant Thorton International Business Report (2013), almost 21 nations across the world have women as the head of state or the government and the number of women in parliament totaled to 21percent. In the corporate world, numerous women have led multinational corporations, for instance, Marissa Mayer broke the ground when she took over the leadership of Yahoo when almost six months pregnant. The discussion continues as to whether women will ever attain equality with men in the workforce. Although the past four decades have witnessed a gigantic generati onal transformation, with more women inflowing the labor force across the world, a lot requires to be done to progress women to top management positions. In 2012, women in United States constituted over 30 percent of the entire work force. However, they occupy only 14 percent of the top management positions of the Fortune 500 companies and merely 8 percent of executive officer top earner ranks. Among the FTSE 100, women only held 16% of the board positions and 7 percent of the executive positions in 2012. On the other hand, the number of women in board positions was half of the number in United States (Grant

Felony Criminal Charge Procedure Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Felony Criminal Charge Procedure - Term Paper Example This essay will be focussed on the criminal procedures stages that are common among the two level of government in bringing felony suspects to justice. It will make an in-depth discussion of the process right from the initial stage of the investigation until sentence of the case is determined (Moak & Carlson, 2012). A criminal case is essentially one that an individual is accused of causing harm or destruction to the general society through one or more of his actions. They usually take two forms either misdemeanour or felony charges (McCord, McCord, & Bailey, 2012). A misdemeanour is a less serious case and thus magistrate judges handle it. Often it is punishable by a fine of less than one year imprisonment in jail. On the other hand, felonies are perceived to be more grievous cases that require more attention. They are usually handled by district judges in district courts. These crimes are punishable of incarceration in state correction centres (Champion, 1988). A felony charge is committed when an individual acts in a manner that contravenes the state or federal laws thus causing harm or destruction to the general public. A suspect of a felony charge may be arrested depending on the scenario (Moak & Carlson, 2012). First an individual can be arrested by police responding to a reported crime if he/she around the crime scene where the incidence has been reported, alternatively after a crime has been reported police will commence investigations to determine the perpetrators. In the process of piecing together the available evidence an individual may be implicated by either the fingerprints, which were found at the scene of the crime, DNA samples found at the crime scene or CCTV footage of the premise where the crime occurred. In the first scenario the suspect is arrested, the police officer responsible for the arrest signs a sworn affidavit and complaint sheet that